The Cell Cycle

What are the results of cell division? + example

--> genetically identical daughter cells

--> example: hydra(budding)

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

--> Mitotic (M) phase usually includes mitosis and cytokinesis

--> interphase (G1 - first gap, S - synthesis, G2 - second gap)

Mitosis is usually broken down to 5 stages:

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

What is a checkpoint of the cell cycle?

It is a control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle.

Facts:

- Cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide.

- DNA is partitioned among chromosomes.

- Eukaryotic cell division consists of mitosis and cytokinesis.

- Animal cells carry out cytokinesis by cleavage, and plant cells from a cell plate.

- Cancer cells elude normal regulation and divide out of control, forming tumors.

Key terms:

genome = genetic information

chromosome = package of DNA

somatic cells = all body cells except the reproductive cells

gametes = reproductive cells

chromatin = a complex of DNA

sister chromatids = two chromatids containing the same DNA molecule

centromere = a region where 2 sister chromatids are attached

meiosis = cell division

cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm

MPF = maturation-promoting factor, a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis (cyclin and a protein kinase when active)

growth factor = a protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide

mitosis phases

Summary:

We have already discussed how the two main events of cellular reproduction are the copying of cellular components and the cleavage of the cell. These two events, copying and cleaving, represent the two larger phases of the cell cycle, interphase and Mitosis. Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle when the cell prepares for and completes cell division. During interphase, appropriate cellular components are copied. Interphase is also a time of checkpoints to make sure that the cell is ready to proceed into mitosis. Both of these two phases have further sub-divisions. Since the cell cycle is a "cycle" it has no distinct beginning or ending. Cells are continually entering and exiting the various phases of the cycle.

Extra: mitosis song, found by my teacher