From Gene to Protein

1) What is gene expression?

It is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins.

2) What are the three steps of transcription?

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.

initiation stage of translation

3) Define mutations and point mutations!

Mutations are alterations in the genetic material of the cell.

Point mutations are are alterations of just one base pair of a gene. They come in two basic types: 1. base-pair substitutions; 2. insertions and deletions

Facts:

- DNA controls metabolism by directing cells to make specific enzymes and other proteins

- Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation

- Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription

- Genetic information is encoded as a sequence of nonoverlaping base triplets (codons)

- Ribosomes coordinate the three stages of translation

Summary:

The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA strands. The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins. Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages called transcription and translation. Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype. For example, Mendel’s dwarf pea plants lack a functioning copy of the gene that specifies the synthesis of a key protein, gibberellin. Gibberellins stimulate the normal elongation of stems.

Extra:

translation rap video